Articles
Animate
ia = definite singular nominative ye = definite singular accusative* ian /jɪn/ = definite singular dative iäm /jɜm/ = definite singular genitive ynı = indefinite singular nominative ynıe /ɲɜ/ = indefinite singular accusative ynıam /ɲɜm/ = indefinite singular genitive*** a = definite plural nominative** yë = definite plural accusative* änı = definite plural dative ämı = definite plural genitive |
Inanimate
ay = definite singular nominative* ay = definite singular accusative vëh = definite singular dative* vıëm = definite singular genitive sıa = indefinite singular nominative* sıa = indefinite singular accusative sıë = indefinite singular dative sıëm = indefinite singular genitive aÿa = definite plural nominative aÿa = definite plural accusative vyëh = definite plural dative* vıyn = definite plural genitive** sıai = indefinite plural nominative* sıai = indefinite plural accusative sıëia /ʃeɪ/ = indefinite plural dative sıyën = indefinite plural genitive** |
Abstract
ay = definite singular nominative*
ay = definite singular accusative
vëh = definite singular dative*
vıëm = definite singular genitive
sıa = indefinite singular nominative*
sıa = indefinite singular accusative
sıë = indefinite singular dative
sıëm = indefinite singular genitive
aÿa = definite plural nominative
aÿa = definite plural accusative
vyëh = definite plural dative*
vıyn = definite plural genitive**
sıai = indefinite plural nominative*
sıai = indefinite plural accusative
sıëia /ʃeɪ/ = indefinite plural dative
sıyën = indefinite plural genitive**
*Lenites first consonant, except gerunds
**Eclipses first consonant, except gerunds
***Lenites and eclipses first consonant, except gerunds
ay = definite singular nominative*
ay = definite singular accusative
vëh = definite singular dative*
vıëm = definite singular genitive
sıa = indefinite singular nominative*
sıa = indefinite singular accusative
sıë = indefinite singular dative
sıëm = indefinite singular genitive
aÿa = definite plural nominative
aÿa = definite plural accusative
vyëh = definite plural dative*
vıyn = definite plural genitive**
sıai = indefinite plural nominative*
sıai = indefinite plural accusative
sıëia /ʃeɪ/ = indefinite plural dative
sıyën = indefinite plural genitive**
*Lenites first consonant, except gerunds
**Eclipses first consonant, except gerunds
***Lenites and eclipses first consonant, except gerunds
Pronouns
o = 1st person singular nominative
ón = 1st person singular accusative aïu /au/ = 1st person singular dative aïuh /au/ = 1st person singular genitive aïm = 1st person singular possessive tıo = 1st person dual nominative tıon = 1st person dual accusative tıaï = 1st person dual dative tıau = 1st person dual genitive tıaïm = 1st person dual possessive yï = 1st person plural inclusive nominative yïe = 1st person plural inclusive accusative yïe = 1st person plural inclusive dative yïwh /ju/ = 1st person plural inclusive genitive yïwh /ju/ = 1st person plural inclusive possessive had = 1st person plural exclusive possessive had = 1st person plural exclusive accusative hadha = 1st person plural exclusive dative hadham = 1st person plural exclusive genitive hadham = 1st person plural exclusive possessive lıór = 1st person plural general possessive lıörsı = 1st person plural general accusative lıörssıe = 1st person plural general dative vıon = 1st person plural general genitive vıon = 1st person plural general possessive |
vıar = 2nd person singular nominative
sıun = 2nd person singular accusative sıar = 2nd person singular dative sıäm /ʃɛm/ = 2nd person singular genitive sıäm /ʃɛm/ = 2nd person singular possessive (ia) ·Vıaryth = 2nd person singular vocative vıärn = 2nd person plural addressed nominative sso = 2nd person plural addressed accusative sıär = 2nd person plural addressed dative sıoi = 2nd person plural addressed genitive sıoim = 2nd person plural addressed possessive (a) ·Vıäryth = 2nd person plural addressed vocative effı = 2nd person plural general nominative ·ëffyn = 2nd person plural general accusative ë·ffÿrd = 2nd person plural general dative fär = 2nd person plural general genitive färmh = 2nd person plural general possessive |
Question Words
dıë = who
dıën = [gen] who dıëm = [poss] whose dıëw = [dat] whom hwí (ï) = how, by what means nıoh = what nıom = [poss] what nıon = [gen] what nıör = [dat] what to = how, in what way |
how = to, hwí
what = nıoh, [dat] nıör, [gen] nıon who = dıë whom = [dat] dıëw, [gen] dıën whose = dıëm |
Prefixes/Suffixes/Infixes
A a
-adh = verb 1st form ending
-aghı = noun suffix indicating 'one who does or makes ___' (lenites last consonant)
Ä ä
äl(ff)- = prefix indicating a possibility or uncertainty
D d
-dÿr = noun suffix
E e
ewy- /əvɪ/ = verb prefix
F f
-fir /viɹ/ = noun suffix indicating the name of a country or land
fy- /vɪ/ = negates an adjective or noun; un-, non-
G g
-g = adjective suffix indicating 'has been/was ___'
I i
-ıae, -thae = negates an adjective or noun; un-, non-
-ıayn = noun suffix denoting a female sex
L l
lï-, lı- = prefix corresponding to un-
-l(h)ïrð = noun suffix signifying a significance or importance
O o
-och = noun suffix indicating 'something that is or does ___' (lenites last consonant)
-odh = verb 1st form ending
N n
ń- = verb prefix indicating 'must', 'need to', or 'supposed to'
-nyë = [uncnt] noun suffix indicating 'people/ones of ___'
S s
-ȿäh = diminutive suffix
-sychı = noun suffix indicating 'one who is ___'
T t
ta- = prefix corresponding to un- or non-
tw- = pronoun prefix indicating a reflexive action
V v
-vın = adjective suffix indicating 'too ___'
W w
-wn = noun suffix indicating 'language of ___' (lengthens stressed vowel)
-wyn = noun suffix indicating 'one who is ___'
Ẅ ẅ
ẅ- = verb prefix indicating ‘to make or to cause to be ___’
-adh = verb 1st form ending
-aghı = noun suffix indicating 'one who does or makes ___' (lenites last consonant)
Ä ä
äl(ff)- = prefix indicating a possibility or uncertainty
D d
-dÿr = noun suffix
E e
ewy- /əvɪ/ = verb prefix
F f
-fir /viɹ/ = noun suffix indicating the name of a country or land
fy- /vɪ/ = negates an adjective or noun; un-, non-
G g
-g = adjective suffix indicating 'has been/was ___'
I i
-ıae, -thae = negates an adjective or noun; un-, non-
-ıayn = noun suffix denoting a female sex
L l
lï-, lı- = prefix corresponding to un-
-l(h)ïrð = noun suffix signifying a significance or importance
O o
-och = noun suffix indicating 'something that is or does ___' (lenites last consonant)
-odh = verb 1st form ending
N n
ń- = verb prefix indicating 'must', 'need to', or 'supposed to'
-nyë = [uncnt] noun suffix indicating 'people/ones of ___'
S s
-ȿäh = diminutive suffix
-sychı = noun suffix indicating 'one who is ___'
T t
ta- = prefix corresponding to un- or non-
tw- = pronoun prefix indicating a reflexive action
V v
-vın = adjective suffix indicating 'too ___'
W w
-wn = noun suffix indicating 'language of ___' (lengthens stressed vowel)
-wyn = noun suffix indicating 'one who is ___'
Ẅ ẅ
ẅ- = verb prefix indicating ‘to make or to cause to be ___’
Miscellaneous
A a
a·bhësıd = caused by, because of
a·gul = only, just, simply
ái = exclamation of awe, joy, various: oh
aï = familiar vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
an = 4th copula
au = negates a noun or adjective
Ä ä
·ädha = 2nd copula
·ädhët = 2nd copula subjunctive
än = 4th copula subjunctive
C c
chıýht (ÿ) = expression of agreement or approval: Yes!, For sure!, Right!
E e
·eïya /aɪjə/ = vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
Ë ë
ët = also, too, as well
ëẅ = familiar diminutive vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
F f
ffey = as well as, also, and, like
G g
gyu (acc., dat. gyun; gen. gyum) = it
H h
hrá = exclamation of pain: ow, ouch
hy = also, too, as well
Ï ï
ïar = other, another
L l
lẃ (w or ẅ) = well, so, anyway
N n
ń·gaem = something, anything
nıü = come on, huh, eh
ń·walh = someone, anyone
nyól = maybe, possibly, by chance
O o
os = 3rd copula
otlh /ɔɬ/ = intensifier signifying necessity or urgency
Ŕ ŕ
ŕach = self (animate)
S s
sai = 1st copula
sët = 1st copula subjunctive
sıul = this, that
sıulch = like this, like so
T t
ta = intensifier; very, really
tıae = negates a verb
tsö = then, so
V v
·veiya = exclamation of excitement or joy: yay, hurray, oh
Y y
yos = 3rd copula subjunctive
a·bhësıd = caused by, because of
a·gul = only, just, simply
ái = exclamation of awe, joy, various: oh
aï = familiar vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
an = 4th copula
au = negates a noun or adjective
Ä ä
·ädha = 2nd copula
·ädhët = 2nd copula subjunctive
än = 4th copula subjunctive
C c
chıýht (ÿ) = expression of agreement or approval: Yes!, For sure!, Right!
E e
·eïya /aɪjə/ = vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
Ë ë
ët = also, too, as well
ëẅ = familiar diminutive vocative particle (lenites following consonant)
F f
ffey = as well as, also, and, like
G g
gyu (acc., dat. gyun; gen. gyum) = it
H h
hrá = exclamation of pain: ow, ouch
hy = also, too, as well
Ï ï
ïar = other, another
L l
lẃ (w or ẅ) = well, so, anyway
N n
ń·gaem = something, anything
nıü = come on, huh, eh
ń·walh = someone, anyone
nyól = maybe, possibly, by chance
O o
os = 3rd copula
otlh /ɔɬ/ = intensifier signifying necessity or urgency
Ŕ ŕ
ŕach = self (animate)
S s
sai = 1st copula
sët = 1st copula subjunctive
sıul = this, that
sıulch = like this, like so
T t
ta = intensifier; very, really
tıae = negates a verb
tsö = then, so
V v
·veiya = exclamation of excitement or joy: yay, hurray, oh
Y y
yos = 3rd copula subjunctive