Overview
Eight tenses: Far-past, Near-past, Hodiernal-past (literary), Present, 'So far' / 'Not yet', Hodiernal-future (literary), Near-future, Far-future
Eight aspects: Cessative, Continuous, Frequentative, Generic, Habitual, Inchoative, Progressive, Prospective
Sixteen moods: Adversative, Deductive, Desiderative I, Desiderative II, Desiderative-subjunctive, Emphatic, Hypothetical,
Imperative, Necessitative I, Necessitative II, Necessitative-subjunctive, Necessitative-imperative, Permissive,
Potential, Precative, Subjunctive
Eight aspects: Cessative, Continuous, Frequentative, Generic, Habitual, Inchoative, Progressive, Prospective
Sixteen moods: Adversative, Deductive, Desiderative I, Desiderative II, Desiderative-subjunctive, Emphatic, Hypothetical,
Imperative, Necessitative I, Necessitative II, Necessitative-subjunctive, Necessitative-imperative, Permissive,
Potential, Precative, Subjunctive
Tenses
zinoit = swam: Far-past
zinai = swam: Near-past
zinèt = swam today: Hodiernal-past
zinin = to swim: Present
zinał = to have so far swum: 'So far'
jè zinał = to have not yet swum: 'Not yet'
zinòdé = will swim today: Hodiernal future
zinaim = will swim: Near-future
zinoin = will swim: Far-future
Zinoitsa. = I swam a while ago.: Far-past simple
Zinaisa. = I swam recently.: Near-past simple
Zinètsa. = I swam today.: Hodiernal-past simple
Zinisha. = It swims.: Present simple
Zinałsa. = I have so far swum.: 'So far' simple
Jè zinałsa. = I have not yet swum.: 'Not yet' simple
Zinòdésa. = I will swim today.: Hodiernal-future
Zinaimsa. = I will swim soon.: Near-future simple
Zinoinsa. = I will swim in the future.: Far-future simple
zinai = swam: Near-past
zinèt = swam today: Hodiernal-past
zinin = to swim: Present
zinał = to have so far swum: 'So far'
jè zinał = to have not yet swum: 'Not yet'
zinòdé = will swim today: Hodiernal future
zinaim = will swim: Near-future
zinoin = will swim: Far-future
Zinoitsa. = I swam a while ago.: Far-past simple
Zinaisa. = I swam recently.: Near-past simple
Zinètsa. = I swam today.: Hodiernal-past simple
Zinisha. = It swims.: Present simple
Zinałsa. = I have so far swum.: 'So far' simple
Jè zinałsa. = I have not yet swum.: 'Not yet' simple
Zinòdésa. = I will swim today.: Hodiernal-future
Zinaimsa. = I will swim soon.: Near-future simple
Zinoinsa. = I will swim in the future.: Far-future simple
Aspects
Zinoitsafi. = I stopped swimming a while ago.: Far-past cessative
Zinaisafi. = I stopped swimming recently.: Near-past cessative Zinètsafi. = I stopped swimming today.: Hodiernal-past cessative Zinanfi. = I am stopping swimming.: Present cessative Zinałsafi. = I have so far stopped swimming.: 'So far' cessative Jè zinałsafi. = I have not yet stopped swimming.: 'Not yet' cessative Zinòdésafi. = I will stop swimming today.: Hodiernal-future cessative Zinaimshafi. = It will stop swimming soon.: Near-future cessative Zinoinsafi. = I will stop swimming later.: Far-future cessative Tioiòdoisa tsahi = I was being wise a while ago.: Far-past continuous Tioiòdusa tsahi = I was being wise recently.: Near-past continuous Tioiòdètsa tsahi. = I was being wise today.: Hodiernal-past continuous Tioidusa tsahi. = I am being wise.: Present continuous Tioidałsa tsahi. = I have so far been being wise.: 'So far' continuous Jè tioidałsa tsahi. = I have not yet been being wise.: 'Not yet' continuous Tioiòdésa tsahi. = I will be being wise today.: Hodiernal-future continuous Tioiòdaisa tsahi. = I will be being wise soon.: Near-future continuous Tioiòdisa tsahi. = I will be being wise later.: Far-future continuous Kèzinoitsa. = I swam and swam a while ago.: Far-past frequentative Kèzinaisa. = I swam and swam recently.: Near-past frequentative Kèzinètsa. = I swam and swam earlier today.: Hodiernal-past frequentative Kèzinisha. = It swims and swims.: Present frequentative Kèzinałsa. = I have so far swum and swum.: 'So far' frequentative Jè kèzinałsa. = I have not yet swum and swum.: 'Not yet' frequentative Kèzinòdésa. = I will swim and swim today.: Hodiernal-future frequentative Kèzinaimsa. = I will swim and swim soon.: Near-future frequentative Kèzinoinsa. = I will swim and swim later.: Far-future frequentative Zinotòm liuka. = Fish swam a while ago.: Far-past generic Zinaitòm liuka. = Fish swam recently.: Near-past generic Zinètòm liuka. = Fish swam today.: Hodiernal-past generic Zinatòm liuka. = Fish swim.: Present generic Zinałlòm liuka. = Fish have so far swum.: 'So far' generic Jè zinałlòm liuka. = Fish have not yet swum.: 'Not yet' generic Zinòdatòm liuka. = Fish will swim today.: Hodiernal-future generic Zinaimatòm liuka. = Fish will swim soon.: Near-future generic Zinoit liuka. = Fish will swim later.: Far-future generic Ðàzinaisa. = I used to swim.: Near-past habitual Ðàzinan. = I am swimming regularly.: Present habitual Ðàzinaimsa. = I will swim regularly.: Near-future habitual Zinaisana. = I started swimming.: Near-past inchoative Zinanìna. = I am starting to swim.: Present inchoative Zinaimsana. = I will start swimming later.: Near-future inchoative Tiuzinaisa. = I was swimming.: Near-past progressive Tiuzinan. = I am swimming.: Present progressive Tiuzinaimsa. = I will be swimming.: Near-future progressive Tsazinaisa. = I was about to swim.: Near-past prospective Tsazinan. = I am about to swim.: Present prospective Tsazinaimsa. = I will be about to swim.: Near-future prospective |
Moods
Zinoitsa yoh. = I swam a while ago but did not like it.: Far-past adversative
Zinaisa yoh. = I swam recently but did not like it.: Near-past adversative Zinètsa yoh. = I swam today but did not like it.: Hodiernal-past adversative Zinisha yoh. = It swim but does not like it.: Present adversative Zinałsa yoh. = I have so far swum but do not like it.: 'So far' adversative Jè zinałsa yoh. = I have not yet swum but do not like it.: 'Not yet' adversative Zinòdésa yoh. = I will swim today but will not like it.: H-f adversative Zinaimsa yoh. = I will swim soon but will not like it.: Near-future adversative Zinoinsa yoh. = I will swim later but will not like it.: Far-future adversative Zinoiutasa. = I must have swum a while ago.: Far-past deductive Zinaiutasa. = I must have swum recently.: Near-past deductive Zinèutasa. = I must have swum today.: Hodiernal-past deductive Ziniutasha. = It must swim.: Present deductive Zinalutasa. = I must have so far swum.: 'So far' deductive Jè zinalutasa. = I must have not yet swum.: 'Not yet' deductive Zinòdéutasa. = I must be going to swim today.: Hodiernal-future deductive Zinaimutasa. = I must be going to swim soon.: Near-future deductive Zinoinutasa. = I must be going to swim later.: Far-future deductive Zinoitsatè. = I wanted to swim a while ago.: Far-past desiderative I Zinaisatè. = I wanted to swim recently.: Near-past desiderative I Zinètsatè. = I wanted to swim earlier today.: Hodiernal-past desiderative I Zinishatè. = It wants to swim.: Present desiderative I Zinałsatè. = I have so far wanted to swim.: 'So far' desiderative I Jè zinałsatè. = I have not yet wanted to swim.: 'Not yet' desiderative I Zinòdésatè. = I will want to swim today.: Hodiernal-future desiderative I Zinaimsatè. = I will want to swim soon.: Near-future desiderative I Zinoinsatè. = I will want to swim later.: Far-future desiderative I Vinoitsatè zinoitiłnilavìn. = I wanted it to swim a while ago.: Far-past desiderative II Vinaisatè zinainilavìn. = I wanted it to swim recently.: Near-past desiderative II Vinètsatè zinètiłnilavìn. = I wanted it to swim earlier today.: Hodiernal-past desiderative II Vinishatè ziniłnilavìn. = It wants it to swim.: Present desiderative II Vinałsatè ziniłnilavìn. = I have so far wanted it to swim.: 'So far' desiderative II Jè vinałsatè ziniłnilavìn. = I have not yet wanted it to swim.: 'Not yet' desiderative II Vinòdésatè zinòdénilavìn. = I will want it to swim today.: Hodiernal-future desiderative II Vinaimsatè zinaimiłnilavìn. = I will want it to swim soon.: Near-future desiderative II Vinoinsatè zinoiniłnilavìn. = I will want it to swim later.: Far-future desiderative II Zinisàtè. = I wish I could swim now.: P. desiderative-subjunctive Zinaisàtè. = I wish I could have swum.: Pt. desiderative-subjunctive Zinànìtè. = I wish I could swim later.: F. desiderative-subjunctive Zinifoisa. = I do swim.: Present emphatic Zinaifoisa. = I did swim.: Past emphatic Zinanfoi. = I will swim.: Future emphatic Zinisas. = I could swim now.: Present hypothetical Zinaisas. = I could have swum.: Past hypothetical Zinans. = I could swim later.: Future hypothetical Zinatsa! = Let me swim!: Present imperative Zinatya! = Swim! Zinatsha! = Let it swim! Jè zinałlasa! = Do not let me swim yet!: 'Not yet' imperative Jè zinałlaya! = Do not swim yet! Jè zinałlasa! = Do not let it swim yet! Zinòdatsa! = Let me swim today!: Near-future imperative Zinòdatya! = Swim today! Zinòdatsha! = Let it swim today! Zinaimatsa! = Let me swim soon!: Near-future imperative Zinaimatya! = Swim soon! Zinaimatsha! = Let it swim soon! Zinoitsa! = Let me swim later!: Far-future imperative Zinoitya! = Swim later! Zinoitsha! = Let it swim later! nCazinisa. = I must swim.: Present necessitative I nCazinaisa. = I had to swim.: Past necessitative I nCazinan. = I will have to swim.: Future necessitative I nCavinisa sołtè zininìniłvìn. = I need him to swim.: Present necessitative II nCavinaisa sołtè zinainiłvìn. = I needed him to have swum.: Past necessitative II nCavinan sołtè zinaimniłvìn. = I will need him to swim later.: Future necessitative II nCazinisà = I should swim now.: P. necessitative-subjunctive nCazinaisà = I should have swum.: Pt. necessitative-subjunctive nCazinàn = I should swim later.: F. necessitative-subjunctive nCazinatsa! = You will let me swim!: Necessitative-imperative nCazinatya! = You will swim! nCazinatsha! = You will let it swim! Zinivisa. = I can swim.: Present potential Zinaivisa. = I was able to swim.: Past potential Zinanìvi. = I will be able to swim.: Future potential Zinisat. = I am allowed to swim.: Present permissive Zinaisat. = I was allowed to swim.: Past permissive Zinanìt. = I will be allowed to swim.: Future permissive Zinasisa. = Would you let me swim, please?: Precative Zinasiya. = Would you swim, please? Zinasisha. = Would you let him swim, please? |