AÄCDEËFGHIıÏLMNƝOÖRŔSȿTUÜVWẄYŸZÐ
Spelling Rules:
- I cannot follow ı.
- If an inflection would cause I to follow ı, ıI is replaced with Y.
- Capitalization:
- The first word of a sentence is always capitalized.
- Names and all nouns are always capitalized.
- Verbs are not capitalized, even when functioning as a noun.
- Pronouns are not capitalized.
A a = ah = hot /a/
comma /ə/ Ä ä = ah-trıen = lack /æ/ comma /ə/ C c = kah = cat /k/, /c/ huge /ç/ D d = od = dog /d/ joy /d͡ʒ/ E e = eh = bust /ɜ/ comma /ə/ Ë ë = eh-trıen = bed /ɛ/ bit /ɪ/ F f = fï = finish /f/, /fʲ/ G g = gah = good /ɡ/, /ɟ/ huge /ç/ (soft at the end of a word) H h = hëh = silent how /h/ (beginning of a word following a vowel) uh-oh /ʔ/ I i = ih = bit /ɪ/ yes /j/ (before another vowel) ı = ih-ẅvarg = softens previous consonant /ʲ/ Ï ï = ih-trıen = see /i/ bit /ɪ/ yes /j/ (before another vowel) L l = lëh = leaf /ɫ/, /lʲ/ M m = mah = man /m/, /mʲ/ N n = nah = nine /n/, /ɲ/ Ɲ ɳ = ɳey = song /ŋ/ O o = oh = dog /ɔ/ core /oː/ (long) comma /ə/ |
Ö ö = oh-trıen = /ø/
comma /ə/ R r = rëh = red /ɹ/ (soft) Ŕ ŕ = ŕëh = /r/ (hard) S s = tsëh = sing /s/ (hard) sheet /ʃ/ (soft) its /t͡s/ (syllabic at the end of a word) ȿ = hëȿ = its /t͡s/ T t = tah = wet /t/ (hard) cheat /t͡ʃ/ (soft) U u = uh = look /ʊ/ food /uː/ (long) comma /ʊ~ə/ Ü ü = uh-trıen = /y/ look /ʊ ~ ə/ V v = vıei = water /w/ (hard) vine /v/ (soft) W w = veh = food /u/ look /ʊ~ə/ water /w/ Ẅ ẅ = veh-trıen = /y/ look /ʊ~ə/ Y y = yih = bit /ʲɪ/ /ʲj/ (before another vowel) Ÿ ÿ = yih-trıen = see /ʲi/ bit /ʲɪ/ /ʲij/ (before another vowel) Ð ð = eða = beige /ʒ/ |
Diphthongs
|
Digraphs
|
ae = hot /a/
comma /ə/ aë = bed /ɛ/ bit /ɪ/ ai = sigh /aɪ/ amh = how /au/ (before a consonant) ao = sew /oʊ/ saw /ɔː/ (long) au = how /au/ av = how /au/ (before a consonant) aw = how /au/ ay = sigh /aɪ/ aÿ = sigh /aɪ/ äẅ = /ey/ äi = day /eɪ/ äy = day /eɪ/ äÿ = day /eɪ/ ea = hot /a/ comma /ə/ ei = day /eɪ/ eï = day /eɪ/ eu = sew /oʊ/ euy = sew /oʊ/ ey = day /eɪ/ ëi = day /ɛi~eɪ/ ëï = day /ɛi~eɪ/ ëmh = /ɛʊ/ (before a consonant) ëu = /ɛʊ/ ëw = /ɛu/ ëẅ = /ɛy/ ëy = day /ɛi~eɪ/ ëÿ = day /ɛi~eɪ/ oi = boy /ɔɪ/ oï = boy /ɔɪ/ ov = sew /oʊ/ (before a consonant) oy = boy /ɔɪ/ oÿ = boy /ɔɪ/ |
ch = loch /x/ (hard)
huge /ç/ (soft) chr = /xʀ/ cr = /kʁ~kʀ/ dh = they /ð/, /ð̠ʲ/ dw = /dw/ (hard) /ʒw/ (soft) ff = vine /v/, /vʲ/ fh = silent fs = /fs/ (hard) /fʃ/ (soft) gh = silent (hard) yes /j/ (soft) silent (end of a word or before a consonant) hr = /ʁ~ʀ/ hv = whale /ʍ/ hw = whale /ʍ/ lh = /ɬ/ (hard) mh = vine /v/, /vʲ/ sc = skate /sk/ (hard) /ʃk/ (soft) sh = how /h/ shw = whale /ʍ/ ss = zoo /z/ (hard) beige /ʒ/ (soft) st = stay /st/ (hard) /ʃt/ (soft) sw = swan /sw/ (hard) /ʃw/ (soft) th = think /θ/, /θ̠ʲ/ tl = /tɬ/ (hard) ts = its /t͡s/ tw = twine /tw/ (hard) /ʃw/ (soft) vr = /vɹ/ |
sc(ı)
sd(ı) sf(ı) ng tl lm(ı) c(h)n(ı) f(h)n(ı) g(h)n(ı) l(h)n m(h)n(ı) s(h)n(ı) vn(ı) c(h)r d(h)r(ı) hr s(h)rı t(h)r(ı) cs(ı) f(h)s(ı) ts ct st(ı) c(h)w d(h)w(ı) g(h)w hw m(h)w s(h)w(ı) t(h)w(ı) vwı |
c(h)d
chdı dhd g(h)d ld(ı) m(h)d nd sd(ı) thd vdı ng d(h)n(ı) f(h)n(ı) l(h)n(ı) m(h)n(ı) s(h)n(ı) t(h)n(ı) vn(ı) cs ts c(h)t chtı dht g(h)t /kt/ lt(ı) nt rt st(ı) tht |
- All consonants except H have a hard (regular) form and a soft (palatalized) form.
- The soft pronunciation occurs when the consonant is followed by a dotless I (ı) or Y.
- If a soft consonant is part of a digraph/consonant cluster, the cluster is treated as a single unit with ı placed at the end.
- D and G may become unvoiced to /t, t͡ʃ/, and /k, c/, respectively, at the end of a word.
- D and T may be pronounced /ʔ/ at the end of a word.
- H in initial or final position, or when functioning to show lenition, is silent except before W or in initial position after a vowel (only for some speakers).
- In the middle of a word, H represents a glottal stop, like in the middle of uh-oh.
- L in the middle of a word may be pronounced /j/.
- W is pronounced /w/ after D(h), T(h), S, hard C(h) or G(h), or soft V when followed by another vowel.
- Vowels marked with an acute accent (´) are pronounced long. In a diphthong, only the first vowel is marked.
- Long vowels are always stressed.
- If the long vowel has another diacritic (ie. an umlaut), the circumflex replaces that diacritic even though the pronunciation stays the same. Thus, a long A and a long Ä are both written as á but pronounced as /aː/ and /eː/, respectively. Any instances of this are noted in the vocabulary lists.
- C, D, G, M, N, Ɲ, Ŕ, S, T, and ȿ may be syllabic.
- A syllabic consonant may be written with an acute accent (´).
- Most vowels are reduced in unstressed syllables. However, this reduction may become less noticeable or nonexistent when speaking slowly and/or purposely enunciating.